Persians

January 24, 2022
Llewellyn-Jones, a director at the British Institute of Persian studies, documents the rise and fall of the Achaemenid empire in this immersive history. Contending that a reliance on Greek and Old Testament sources has skewed the popular understanding of ancient Persia, Llewellyn-Jones focuses on “genuine, indigenous” sources that have come to light in recent decades. Interwoven with the chronological history of the empire’s founding by Cyrus the Great in 550 BCE; its fight to hold on to power in modern-day Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Greece, and India under Darius the Great and his son, Xerxes I; and its conquest by Alexander the Great in 330 BCE are topic-based chapters covering bureaucracy, slavery, royal marriage and inheritance, court politics, religion, and other matters. Llewellyn-Jones’s impressive research ranges from shocking palace intrigues to tax code minutiae, though he occasionally strays into speculation, as when he asserts that Darius chose to demolish a gateway near Persepolis and construct a new one because “he clearly found the physical presence of Cyrus’ monumental building perturbing.” Still, Llewellyn-Jones expertly illuminates the decentralized, multicultural nature of the Achaemenid empire and offers valuable perspective on the modern Middle East, where the great kings of ancient Persia still feature in Iran’s national self-image. This is a valuable contribution to the understanding of “history’s first great superpower.”

March 1, 2022

From ancient Greek's Herodotus to the mullahs of Iran's Islamic Revolution, there have been a number of writers who had something to say about ancient Persia. Much has been lost over the centuries, and there is a long legacy of misinformation around ancient Persian empires, the lives of its leaders, and greater Persian society. However, by examining the artifacts and monuments that remain, historian Llewellyn-Jones (ancient history, Cardiff Univ.) brings forth a view of ancient Persia that is rich in tradition and historical significance. For instance, to counter the oft-cited works of Herodotus, which painted the Persian Empire and the leaders of the Achaemenid era as irrational and overcomplicated, Llewellyn-Jones demonstrates that key Persian figures like Cyrus, Darius, and Xerxes were skilled warriors, shrewd politicians, and highly successful monarchs. Llewellyn-Jones commits this book to telling the history of Persia, and in doing so he also sheds light on Persian political structures, court etiquette practices, and royal family structure. The book includes a cast of characters as well as an extensive list of further reading. VERDICT Recommended for readers with an interest in ancient Persian history and culture, Greek philosophy, and contemporary Iran.--Monique Martinez

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